Voluntarism and Coercion: Unidirectional Boundaries of Franciscan Missionaries in Eighteenth and Nineteenth-Century California

Research on Franciscan missionaries in California has traditionally either emphasized or excused their use of physical violence on indigenous people. This paper adopts a “boundaries” approach to highlight and explain how Franciscans were able to both advocate for and eschew physical coercion on the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Bok, Jared (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Brill 2023
In: Social sciences and missions
Year: 2023, Volume: 36, Issue: 1/2, Pages: 149-178
Further subjects:B coercition religieuse
B frontières symboliques
B missions californiennes
B Franciscans
B symbolic boundaries
B religious coercion
B Franciscains
B Conversion
B California missions
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Summary:Research on Franciscan missionaries in California has traditionally either emphasized or excused their use of physical violence on indigenous people. This paper adopts a “boundaries” approach to highlight and explain how Franciscans were able to both advocate for and eschew physical coercion on the same target audience without any perceived contradiction. The paper argues that unidirectional group boundaries, often mundane and unproblematic, may, in some instances, validate a paradoxical combination of external voluntarism and internal coercion when employed institutionally. The study concludes with a discussion of the relevance of these theoretical concepts to religion and coercion in contemporary society.
ISSN:1874-8945
Contains:Enthalten in: Social sciences and missions
Persistent identifiers:DOI: 10.1163/18748945-bja10070