The Archaeology of Cult of Ancient Israel's Southern Neighbors and the Midianite-Kenite Hypothesis

The Midianite-Kenite hypothesis, the idea that the pre-Israelite roots of Yahwism can be traced back to the areas south and southeast of Palestine, has a long pedigree in biblical scholarship. Analyses supporting this view generally agree in three main points. First, they assume that the influence o...

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Nebentitel:"The Desert Origins of God: Yahweh's Emergence and Early History in the Southern Levant and Northern Arabia"
1. VerfasserIn: Tebes, Juan Manuel (VerfasserIn)
Medienart: Elektronisch Aufsatz
Sprache:Englisch
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Veröffentlicht: Ruhr-Universität Bochum 2021
In: Entangled Religions
Jahr: 2021, Band: 12, Heft: 2
normierte Schlagwort(-folgen):B Jahwe / Kult / Midianiter / Keniter / Israel (Altertum)
RelBib Classification:AF Religionsgeographie
BC Altorientalische Religionen
HB Altes Testament
KBL Naher Osten; Nordafrika
weitere Schlagwörter:B Northwestern Arabia
B Iron Age
B Archaeology of Religion
B Desert Cults
B Yahweh
B Southern Levant
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520 |a The Midianite-Kenite hypothesis, the idea that the pre-Israelite roots of Yahwism can be traced back to the areas south and southeast of Palestine, has a long pedigree in biblical scholarship. Analyses supporting this view generally agree in three main points. First, they assume that the influence of the southern cultic practices on Yahwism occurred during a restricted period of time, traditionally dated to the Early Iron Age. Second, they see the origins of Yahwism through the lenses of diffusionist perspectives, characterizing this process as a movement or migration of one or a few determined groups to Canaan. And third, adequate analyses of the archaeological evidence of the arid areas to the south of Palestine are few. In this article I will turn the interpretation of the epigraphic and archaeological evidence upside down. Instead of looking to the (mostly biblical) evidence on the origins of the cult of Yahweh and assuming its genesis lies in movements of people from the southern regions to Canaan in the Early Iron Age, I will focus attention on the history of the cultic practices in the Negev, southern Transjordan, and northern Hejaz during the entire Iron Age, and how this information is related to the religious practices known in Judah and Israel during the biblical period, shedding new light on the prehistory of the cult of Yahweh. I will evaluate the evidence not as a single, exceptional event, but as a long-term process within the several-millennia history of cultic practices and beliefs of the local peoples. 
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