Does labor law apply in the Church?: an analysis of the socio-legal conditions on the example of the Latin Church in Poland = Le droit du travail est-il en vigueur à l’Église? : L’analyse des conditions sociojuridiques à l’exemple de l’Église latine en Pologne = Il diritto del lavoro vige nella Chiesa? : Analisi delle condizioni socio-giuridiche sull’esempio della Chiesa latina in Polonia
The article is a reflection on the contemporary socio-legal determinants referring to labour law, on the example of the Church in Poland. The subject undertaken, viewed from the intersection of canon law and Polish law, raises a series of questions, including: Does labour law apply in the Church, an...
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Does labor law apply in the Church? |b an analysis of the socio-legal conditions on the example of the Latin Church in Poland = Le droit du travail est-il en vigueur à l’Église? : L’analyse des conditions sociojuridiques à l’exemple de l’Église latine en Pologne = Il diritto del lavoro vige nella Chiesa? : Analisi delle condizioni socio-giuridiche sull’esempio della Chiesa latina in Polonia |c Lucjan Świto |
| 246 | 3 | 1 | |a Le droit du travail est-il en vigueur à l’Église? |b L’analyse des conditions sociojuridiques à l’exemple de l’Église latine en Pologne |
| 246 | 3 | 1 | |a Il diritto del lavoro vige nella Chiesa? |b Analisi delle condizioni socio-giuridiche sull’esempio della Chiesa latina in Polonia |
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| 520 | |a The article is a reflection on the contemporary socio-legal determinants referring to labour law, on the example of the Church in Poland. The subject undertaken, viewed from the intersection of canon law and Polish law, raises a series of questions, including: Does labour law apply in the Church, and how? Who in the Church is the employee and who is the employer? On the basis of what relationship do people serving various functions in the Church work? The present analysis, along with the referenced cases, clearly shows that although the Church is the employer for many entities and is obliged to comply with labour law, the intersection between canon and state laws can raise many problems of interpretation. The biggest problem concerns the determination by Polish law of the pastoral services of members of the clergy serving as parish priests and vicars. Their services, analyzed at a broad level of contractual relationships, include features so specific that it is impossible to be classified as any of the aforementioned types of contracts. This specificity appears to be clearly perceived by Polish legislation, which emphasizes its distinctiveness in key legal and social areas, such as the matter of insurance and taxation. The services provided by members of the clergy, assessed through the secular optics of the law, should be considered an innominate contract (contractus innominatus). Such an agreement, however, does not carry with it the entitlements that result from an employment contract relationship. | ||
| 520 | |a Le présent article est une réflexion sur les conditions sociojuridiques contemporaines se référant au droit du travail à l’exemple de l’Église en Pologne. La problématique entreprise, considérée au point de rencontre du droit canonique et polonais, incite à poser nombre de questions, entre autres : Le droit du travail est-il en vigueur à l’Église, et comment ? Qui à l’Église est employé et qui y est employeur ? Sur la base de quelle relation travaillent les personnes exerçant différentes fonctions à l’Église ? L’analyse effectuée, avec les cas mentionnés, montre nettement que bien que l’Église soit employeur pour bien des sujets et qu’elle soit obligée de respecter le droit du travail, le point de rencontre du droit canonique et étatique peut engendrer de nombreux problèmes interprétatifs. Le plus grand problème porte sur la manière dont le droit polonais définit le service pastoral des membres du clergé exerçant les fonctions de curé et de vicaires. Leur service, analysé à un large niveau de relations contractuelles, contient des traits si particuliers qu’il est impossible de le classifier comme quelconque des types de contrats susnommés. Cette spécificité paraît être clairement aperçue par le législateur polonais qui accentue sa particularité dans les domaines clés juridiques et sociaux, c’est-à-dire dans la matière des assurances et des impôts. Le service des membres du clergé, évalué dans l’optique séculière du droit, devrait être considéré comme un contrat innommé (contractus innominatus). Quoi qu’il en soit, un tel contrat ne bénéficie pas des revendications qui résultent de la relation du contrat de travail. | ||
| 520 | |a L’articolo presentato è una riflessione sulle condizioni socio-giuridiche contemporanee riguardanti il diritto del lavoro sull’esempio della Chiesa in Polonia. La problematica intrapresa, esaminata nel punto di convergenza tra il diritto canonico e quello polacco, fa sorgere una serie di domande tra le quali: il diritto al lavoro vige nella Chiesa e come? Chi nella Chiesa è il lavoratore e chi è il datore di lavoro? Nell’ambito di quale rapporto lavorano le persone che ricoprono varie funzioni nella Chiesa? L’analisi condotta, unitamente ai casi citati, mostra chiaramente che sebbene la Chiesa sia un datore di lavoro per molti soggetti e sia tenuta a rispettare il diritto del lavoro, il punto di convergenza tra il diritto canonico e quello statale può comunque suscitare molti problemi di interpretazione. Il problema più grande riguarda la definizione da parte del diritto polacco del ministero pastorale degli ecclesiastici che ricoprono la funzione di parroci e vicari. Il loro ministero, analizzato sul piano inteso ampiamente dei rapporti obbligazionari, include tratti talmente specifici da non poterlo collocare in alcun tipo di contratto menzionato. Pare scorgere chiaramente tale specificità anche il legislatore polacco che accentua la sua singolarità nelle aree chiave giuridico-sociali ossia in materia di assicurazioni e di imposte. Il ministero degli ecclesiastici quindi, valutato nell’ottica laica del diritto, deve essere considerato un contratto innominato (contractus innominatus). Tale contratto non gode tuttavia dei diritti che scaturiscono dal rapporto del contratto di lavoro. | ||
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