Two Shi‘i jurisprudential methodologies to address medical and bioethical challenges: traditional Ijtihād and foundational Ijtihād

The legal-ethical dynamism in Islamic law which allows it to respond to the challenges of modernity is said to reside in the institution of ijtihād (independent legal thinking and hermeneutics). However, jurists like Mohsen Kadivar and Ayatollah Faḍlalla have argued that the “traditional ijtihād” pa...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Mavani, Hamid (Author)
Format: Electronic/Print Article
Language:English
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Published: Wiley [2014]
In: Journal of religious ethics
Year: 2014, Volume: 42, Issue: 2, Pages: 263-284
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Shi'ah / Islamic law / Flexibility / Ijtihad / Bioethics
RelBib Classification:BJ Islam
NCB Personal ethics
NCF Sexual ethics
NCG Environmental ethics; Creation ethics
XA Law
Online Access: Volltext (doi)
Parallel Edition:Electronic

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520 |a The legal-ethical dynamism in Islamic law which allows it to respond to the challenges of modernity is said to reside in the institution of ijtihād (independent legal thinking and hermeneutics). However, jurists like Mohsen Kadivar and Ayatollah Faḍlalla have argued that the “traditional ijtihād” paradigm has reached its limits of flexibility as it allows for only minor adaptations and lacks a rigorous methodology because of its reliance on vague and highly subjective juridical devices such as public welfare (maṣlaḥa), imperative necessity (ḍarūra), emergency (iḍtirār), need (ḥāja), averting difficulty (‘usr) and distress (ḥaraj), hardship (mashaqqa), and harm (ḍarar) without interrogating the fundamentals (uṣūl) of ijtihād. In contrast, in the “foundational ijtihād” model theology, ethics, intellect, epistemology, linguistics, hermeneutics, modern sciences, history, cosmology, anthropology, and the sources of Islamic legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh) interact with one another to obtain resolutions that are just and non-discriminatory. 
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